HashMap中的静态变量意义
- static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4
为默认HashMap初始化的容量,即当你new HashMMap<>(),此时默认初始化容量为16
- static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
加载因子, 默认为0.75 当加载因子过大时,会加剧哈希碰撞,过小会占内存
- static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;
JDK1.8中当拉链中的元素个数大于8时,会转换为红黑树
- static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;
当拉链中元素个数小于6个时,会把红黑树重新转换为拉链
- static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;
容量小于 MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY,只会进行简单的扩容。容量大于 MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY ,则会进行树化改造。
关健源码的分析
- 构造函数
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) { if (initialCapacity < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " + initialCapacity); if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY; if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " + loadFactor); this.loadFactor = loadFactor; this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity); }
从构造函数可以看出HashMap最大size为MAXIMUM_CAPACITY,而MAXIMUM_CAPACITY则为1<<30
- get方法
final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) { Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k; if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 && (first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) { if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node ((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) return first; if ((e = first.next) != null) { if (first instanceof TreeNode) return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key); do { if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) return e; } while ((e = e.next) != null); } } return null; }
1.tab[(n - 1) & hash]获取key对应的hash槽
2.判读首节点是否为空,为空的话return,不为空继续判断首节点是否和想要查找的节点值相等,相等直接返回
3.之后找next节点,先判断空,不为空的情况下首先进入树形节点,然后遍历判断,如果没有找到进行下一步
4.进入链表节点进行查找
put方法
final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent, boolean evict) { Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i; //如果数组为空或者length==0的话需要先进行初始化的工作 if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) n = (tab = resize()).length; // 获取对应key的hash值,并且看对象的hash槽中有没有元素占用了,也就是说有没有发生hash碰撞,如果没有直接创建元素节点 if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null) tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null); else { // 如果发生了hash碰撞 Node<K,V> e; K k; // 如果给定的key是map 中已经存在的,那么直接覆盖原来的元素 if (p.hash == hash && ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) e = p; // 判断是不是树类型 else if (p instanceof TreeNode) // 进入树行的代码 e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value); else { //如果不是树类型那么就是链表类型,循环判断直到节点为null或者跟指定的节点值相等 for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) { //节点为null则需要new 新节点 if ((e = p.next) == null) { p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null); if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st // 链表长度大于8 (因为要加上新节点的值,所以这里判断其实是>=7),并且整个map的大小大于了64转换为红黑树 treeifyBin(tab, hash); break; } if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) break; p = e; } } // 上面的逻辑走完 的话 如果e不为null 也就是说 map中已经存在了该key,那么替换value ( onlyIfAbsent如果这个值为true则不会做替换,但是在map.put中传入参数时这个值为false所以后续会做替换) if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key V oldValue = e.value; if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null) e.value = value; afterNodeAccess(e); return oldValue; } } ++modCount; if (++size > threshold) resize(); afterNodeInsertion(evict); return null; }
3 resize
final Node<K,V>[] resize() { // oldTab存储为旧值 Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table; int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length; // 加载因子 int oldThr = threshold; int newCap, newThr = 0; // 确定现在的map中是否有值 if (oldCap > 0) { //如果容量超过最大值就不会扩容直接返回 if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) { threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE; return oldTab; } // 扩容旧的容量*2并且判断会不会超过最大值,并且需要大于等于16 else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY) newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold } else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold newCap = oldThr; else { // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY; newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY); } // 上述的流程走完了,计算下新的阙值 if (newThr == 0) { float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor; //再次与最大容量进行比较 newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ? (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE); } threshold = newThr; @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"}) // 定义新的底层数组 Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap]; table = newTab; // 遍历旧数组 if (oldTab != null) { for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) { Node<K,V> e; if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) { oldTab[j] = null; if (e.next == null) newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e; else if (e instanceof TreeNode) // 红黑树操作 ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap); else { // preserve order Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null; Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null; Node<K,V> next; do { next = e.next; if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) { if (loTail == null) loHead = e; else loTail.next = e; loTail = e; } else { if (hiTail == null) hiHead = e; else hiTail.next = e; hiTail = e; } } while ((e = next) != null); if (loTail != null) { loTail.next = null; newTab[j] = loHead; } if (hiTail != null) { hiTail.next = null; newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead; } } } } } return newTab; }
面试问题
- HashMap JDK1.8有什么优化?
- HashMap使用过程中可以做那些优化?
- 多线程HashMap中resize过程中是如果形成死锁的
- 加载因子大小,有什么作用?
- HashMap与HashTable的区别
- Hashap与CurrentHashMap的区别
- HashMap底层原理
- 为什么HashMap的容量是2的幂次方?
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