Our Black Box represents a primitive database. It can save an integer array and has a special i variable. At the initial moment Black Box is empty and i equals 0. This Black Box processes a sequence of commands (transactions). There are two types of transactions:
ADD (x): put element x into Black Box;
GET: increase i by 1 and give an i-minimum out of all integers containing in the Black Box. Keep in mind that i-minimum is a number located at i-th place after Black Box elements sorting by non- descending.
Let us examine a possible sequence of 11 transactions:
Example 1
N Transaction i Black Box contents after transaction Answer
(elements are arranged by non-descending)
- ADD(3) 0 3
- GET 1 3 3
- ADD(1) 1 1, 3
- GET 2 1, 3 3
- ADD(-4) 2 -4, 1, 3
- ADD(2) 2 -4, 1, 2, 3
- ADD(8) 2 -4, 1, 2, 3, 8
- ADD(-1000) 2 -1000, -4, 1, 2, 3, 8
- GET 3 -1000, -4, 1, 2, 3, 8 1
- GET 4 -1000, -4, 1, 2, 3, 8 2
- ADD(2) 4 -1000, -4, 1, 2, 2, 3, 8
It is required to work out an efficient algorithm which treats a given sequence of transactions. The maximum number of ADD and GET transactions: 30000 of each type.
Let us describe the sequence of transactions by two integer arrays:
- A(1), A(2), ..., A(M): a sequence of elements which are being included into Black Box. A values are integers not exceeding 2 000 000 000 by their absolute value, M <= 30000. For the Example we have A=(3, 1, -4, 2, 8, -1000, 2).
- u(1), u(2), ..., u(N): a sequence setting a number of elements which are being included into Black Box at the moment of first, second, ... and N-transaction GET. For the Example we have u=(1, 2, 6, 6).
The Black Box algorithm supposes that natural number sequence u(1), u(2), ..., u(N) is sorted in non-descending order,

and for each p
)
an inequality
%20%5Cleq%20M)
is valid. It follows from the fact that for the p-element of our u sequence we perform a GET transaction giving p-minimum number from our A(1), A(2), ..., A(u(p)) sequence.