One of

's research interests is the maximum flow problem.
A directed graph

with

vertices is

if the following condition is satisfied:
-
is the union of
vertex-independent simple paths from vertex
to vertex n of the same length.
A set of paths is vertex-independent if they do not have any internal vertex in common.
A vertex in a path is called internal if it is not an endpoint of that path.
A path is simple if its vertices are distinct.
Let

be a

graph with

vertices and

edges. Each edge has a non-negative integral capacity. You are allowed to perform the following operation any (including

) times to make the maximum flow from vertex

to vertex

as large as possible:
Let

be an edge with positive capacity. Reduce the capacity of

by

and increase the capacity of another edge by

.

wants to know what is the minimum number of operations to achieve it?